1.7 If a 500 MHz machine takes one-clock cycle to fetch and execute an instruction, then what is the instruction execution rate of the machine? 1.8 How many instructions could the above machine execute in one minute? 1.9 Let’s suppose we have a 40-year-old computer that has an instruction execution rate of one thousand instructions per second. 1.6 Identify a kitchen appliance that contains a finite state machine. 1.5Ğxplain the difference between a Buss and a control line. 1.4Ğxplain the difference between the Instruction Register and the Program Counter. 1.3Ğxplain the difference between Cache Memory and the Register File. 1.2Ğxplain the difference between Assembly Language and Machine Language.
(See Figure 1.2 on ) $0 : Constant Zero $v0 : Returned values from functions $a0 : Arguments passed to functions $t0 : Temporary registers (functions) $s0 : Saved registers (main program) $sp : Stack Pointer $ra : Return addressġ9 Exercises – Chapter 1 1.1Ğxplain the difference between a register and the ALU.
Load Immediate li $v0, 10 Move move $t8, $sp Multiply mul $t2, $a0, $a1 Divide div $s1, $v1, $t7 Remainder rem $s2, $v1, $t7 Negate neg $s0, $s0ġ7 MIPS Register File Register Naming Convention $0 : Constant Zero File = Rs operation Rtġ5 MIPS Instruction Set See Appendix C in the textbook for a detailed description of every instruction.Īrithmetic, Logic, and Shifting Instructions Conditional Branch Instructions Load and Store Instructions Function Call Instructionsġ6 Pseudo Instructions † Load Address la $s0, table
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File lw or sw beqz Address = Rs + Offset R-Type If (Rs = 0 ) then PC = PC + Offset sw Memory = Rt lw Reg. IR = Mem PC = PC + 4 Decode Instruction Read from Reg. Register Format Immediate Format Jump Format Op-Code Rs Rt Rd Code Op-Code Rs Rt Bit Immediate Value Op-Code Bit Current Segment Addressġ4 A Register Transfer Description of the Control Logic Number Value Name Register File $zero 1 $at 2 $v0 3 $v1 4 $a0 5 $a1 6 $a2 7 $a3 8 $t0 9 $t1 10 $t2 11 $t3 12 $t4 13 $t5 14 $t6 15 $t7 16 $s0 17 $s1 18 $s2 19 $s3 20 $s4 21 $s5 22 $s6 23 $s7 24 $t8 Return values from functions Pass parameters to functions Caller Saved Registers – Use these registers in functions Callee-Saved Registers – Use these registers for values that must be maintained across function calls.ġ1 An Example MIPS Assembly Language Program Modular program design and development.ĥ Introduction Basic Computer Organization Machine Languageġ0 Register File Number Value Name Return values from functions
Passing parameter to functions using the stack. Number systems and the rules for arithmetic. The use of pseudocode to develop and document algorithms at the register level. Registers, the ALU, data path, and random access memory (RAM). Obtain Insights into writing more efficient code Will become familiar with what compilers do Acquire an understanding of how computers are built Open new opportunities in the field of embedded processorsĤ Course Description Basic computer organization concepts such as 3 Benefits of Studying Assembly Language Programming
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